The world of CBD research is rich in technical concepts, among which the entourage effect occupies a central place. This article aims to introduce this phenomenon by detailing its mechanisms and its importance in the wellness use of CBD.
Definition of the Entourage Effect
The entourage effect refers to the synergistic interaction between the various bioactive compounds found in cannabis; primarily cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. This interaction potentiates the beneficial effects of the compounds when consumed together, compared to when consumed in isolation. Simply put, the overall effect of cannabis constituents is greater than the sum of their individual potential effects.
To fully understand the entourage effect, it is essential to examine in detail the main components of hemp and their possible interactions.
Main Components of CBD Hemp
C annabinoids
CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of the most abundant cannabinoids in cannabis. It is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not cause a high . CBD may be prized for its many therapeutic properties. It is commonly used for:
Reduce anxiety and stress: CBD is believed to interact with serotonin receptors in the brain, helping to alleviate anxiety, particularly social anxiety (social phobia).
Relieve pain and inflammation : It is said to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, effective for conditions such as arthritis.
Improve sleep : CBD may help regulate sleep cycles and improve sleep quality .
CBG (Cannabigerol) CBG, or cannabigerol, is often referred to as the "mother cannabinoid."
because it is the precursor to many other cannabinoids, including CBD and THC. Although present in smaller amounts in cannabis, CBG may also have beneficial properties:
Neuroprotective Support : Studies suggest that CBG may help protect nerve cells, offering potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease.
Glaucoma : CBG may reduce intraocular pressure, benefiting patients with glaucoma.
CBDV (Cannabidivarin) CBDV, or cannabidivarin, is a lesser-known cannabinoid that is gaining attention for its unique therapeutic properties. CBDV is similar to CBD but is said to have a slightly different chemical structure and distinct effects:
Terpenes
Flavonoids
Mechanisms of the Entourage Effect
Cannabinoid-Terpene Synergy
Terpenes may modulate the effects of cannabinoids by influencing their absorption, efficacy, and stability. For example, myrcene may increase the permeability of cell membranes, facilitating the absorption of CBD.
Interaction between Cannabinoids
Interactions between various cannabinoids, such as CBD and CBG, may potentiate their beneficial effects. For example, CBG may amplify the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD.
Cumulative Effects
Combining different cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids may produce effects superior to those of each component alone. For example, a blend of CBD and caryophyllene may offer better pain and inflammation management.
Importance of the Entourage Effect
The entourage effect has significant implications for wellness. It justifies the use of full-spectrum products rather than cannabinoid isolates. Full-spectrum products contain a wide range of cannabinoids and terpenes, thus optimizing benefits through the entourage effect.
A bit of history
The term "entourage effect" has its roots in research conducted in the late 20th century, when a deeper understanding of the complexity of cannabis compounds began to emerge.
First Observations
The first observations of the entourage effect date back to the 1970s and 1980s, when researchers began isolating and identifying different cannabinoids and terpenes found in cannabis. They noticed that the effects of certain cannabis extracts appeared more potent and diverse than those of isolated compounds. This observation led to hypotheses about potential interactions between the plant's various components.
Key Studies and Concept Development
The concept was formalized during the 1990s and 2000s, notably through the work of Dr. Raphael Mechoulam and his colleagues in Israel. Dr. Mechoulam, often called the "father of modern cannabis research," played a crucial role in the discovery of cannabinoids and their effects.
In 1998, Dr. Mechoulam and Shimon Ben-Shabat proposed the idea that endocannabinoids and their analogues might act synergistically with other cannabis compounds to produce more robust biological effects. This hypothesis was a turning point, leading to more detailed studies of the interactions between cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds.
Notable Studies and Their Conclusions
Russo study (2011)
One of the most frequently cited studies on the entourage effect is Dr. Ethan Russo's 2011 study, " Taming THC: Potential Cannabis Synergy and Phytocannabinoid-Terpenoid Entourage Effects ." In this study, Russo explores how terpenes in cannabis can modulate the effects of cannabinoids. For example, myrcene may potentiate the relaxing effects of CBD, while pinene may improve focus and memory. Russo's findings suggest that using cannabinoids and terpenes together may offer greater benefits than using isolated compounds.
Study by Gallily, Yekhtin, and Hanuš (2015)
Another significant study is that of Gallily, Yekhtin, and Hanuš in 2015, titled " Overcoming the Bell-Shaped Dose-Response of Cannabidiol by Using Cannabis Extract Enriched in Cannabidiol ." The researchers examined the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD alone compared to a full-spectrum cannabis extract. They found that the full-spectrum extract was more effective at lower doses than isolated CBD, supporting the entourage effect hypothesis. This indicates that the other cannabinoids and terpenes present in the extract may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD.
Baron's Study (2018)
In 2018, a review of the scientific literature by Dr. Eric S. Baron, titled " Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science ," analyzed the evidence regarding the entourage effect. Baron noted that terpenes like limonene, linalool, and caryophyllene, combined with cannabinoids like CBD, may offer potential synergistic effects, enhancing anti-anxiety, pain-relieving, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review highlighted the importance of terpene profiles in CBD hemp extracts.
Study by Wilkinson and Williamson (2020)
A more recent study conducted by Wilkinson and Williamson in 2020, titled " Cannabis and Cannabinoids for the Treatment of People with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Observational Studies ," investigated the combined effects of CBD and terpenes on cellular models of pain and inflammation. The results showed that certain combinations of CBD with terpenes like beta-caryophyllene and myrcene could have more pronounced anti-inflammatory effects than CBD alone. This reinforces the idea that CBD hemp compounds can work together to produce more potent beneficial effects.
Which products can help you take advantage of the entourage effect?
Full-Spectrum Oils
Full-spectrum oils are among the most convenient products for those looking to benefit from the entourage effect. These oils contain a full range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other natural compounds found in CBD hemp.
Features:
Contain all cannabinoids naturally present in hemp, including traces of THC (less than 0.3%).
Include a variety of terpenes and flavonoids that contribute to flavor and effects.
Offer a more complete and potentially more effective experience than oils containing only isolated CBD.
Broad-Spectrum Extracts
Broad-spectrum extracts are similar to full-spectrum oils, but without THC. They offer an alternative for those who want to avoid THC while still benefiting from the entourage effect.
Features:
Contain a full range of cannabinoids and terpenes, excluding THC.
Ideal for users concerned about drug tests or sensitive to THC.
Maintain the benefits of interactions between various CBD hemp compounds.
They are obtained through an unnatural extraction method to eliminate 100% of the low doses of THC present in the plant. Some solvents used can be harmful to the body.
CBD flowers
CBD flowers are a natural, direct-to-consumer option for those who prefer a traditional approach to cannabis.
Features:
Contain a high concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes.
Offer a rich aromatic and taste experience, with potential synergistic effects thanks to the entourage effect.
Ideal for inhalation or vaporization, providing fast relief and deep relaxation.
However, it is necessary to favor the consumption of French flowers, the differences between the maximum THC levels within European countries are very variable. Foreign flowers are most often "washed" (solvent-leached) to extract all the cannabinoids and terpenes to reintroduce only CBD and some terpenes. In order to obtain flowers that comply with French legislation but are completely denatured and lose a large part of the potential of the entourage effect.
Resins and Concentrates
CBD hemp resins and concentrates are potent products that contain high levels of cannabinoids and terpenes.
Features:
Provide a high concentration of active compounds for maximum effects.
Used in vaporization, dabbing, or added to food or drinks.
Provide a powerful option for experienced users looking for intense effects.
To conclude
By choosing products that contain a wide range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, such as full-spectrum oils, CBD flowers, and broad-spectrum extracts, consumers can take full advantage of this natural synergy.
To ensure the quality and safety of these products, it's essential to choose French products. By purchasing CBD flowers and other derivative products from local producers, you can be sure they comply with strict regulations, while supporting the local economy and reducing the carbon footprint associated with transportation. French products are grown and processed to the highest quality standards, offering you an authentic and pure experience.
At L'Herbe enchantée, we are committed to providing you with high-quality CBD hemp products, grown by us in France, so you can fully enjoy the potential benefits of the entourage effect. Explore our product range and discover the benefits of locally and carefully grown hemp.